Combatting the Rise of Fake News

Combatting the Rise of Fake News Fake news in the recent decade has been propagated by traditional and, more so, social media, with the intention to deceive readers with false information to maximize traffic and profit. Although it is not a new phenomenon, the emergence of social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have eased the dispersion of disinformation, making it nearly impossible to distinguish real and fabricated information at first glance. Fake news has been a strong factor in major events in the world including the recent U.S. Presidential Elections, where it has been linked to influencing the results of the elections. It is also used as a political weapon, used to dismiss any news that goes against the views of the political party as false all without a need for explanation or proof. Canada is not unaffected by this. In January 2017, Nick Kouvalis, the campaign manager for Conservative leadership candidate Kellie Leitch has been fired for posting false information about the Trudeau office claiming on Twitter that the Trudeau office was using billions of taxpayers money to fund terrorist groups rather than to help the homeless and jobless. In the same month, reports began circulating that the shooter of the Quebec mosque was yelling Allahu Akbar though it has been taken down after the Trudeau office took on those false reports. This does not take away from the fact that millions have been exposed to these false news and form opinions based on artificially created information. In an effort to curb fake news and their effects, the federal heritage committee is currently compiling a report about the future of media and journalism in Canada, in which fake news is heavily brought up. The report is to be shown to the Parliament in spring this year. Canada is also in talks with Google and Facebook to identify fake news on their site. However, curbing fake news is hard as doing so would limit the freedom of the press, something which goes against Canadas policies and beliefs. Furthermore, drawing the line in identifying fake news, after outright falsehoods have been removed, is hard due to the multitude of sites with ideological bias and views. In the light of concern about the spread of fake news, Canada is proposing several solutions that should: establish an international cyber board for the intention to tackle fake news; utilization of international cyber board to monitor news and distinguish between fake and real news; collaborate with large multinational social corporations including Facebook and Twitter; increase research and development into tools that can be used by citizens to identify fake news and report it; create a registration system for news sites to register themselves and to be verified by the international cyber board. Canada believes that the fight against fake news will be hard and long but knows that it is necessary to ensure that citizens are able to form opinions from real facts rather than alternative truths. References: Public Policy Forum (2017, January). The Shattered Mirror: News, Democracy and Trust in the Digital Age. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017, from https://shatteredmirror.ca/wpcontent/uploads/theShatteredMirror.pdf. BBC (2016, December 26). Canada MP Probe Ways to Curtail Fake News. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38399892. The Washington Post (2017, February 26). The White Houses Big Fake News Cop-out. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/thefix/wp/2017/02/26/fake-news-is-a-potent-political-strategy-its-also-a-copout/?utm_term=.f509281f95d6. The Canadian Press (2017, Jan 24). Facebook, Google to Tackle Fake News In Canada With New Tools. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017, from https://www.thestar.com/business/2017/01/24/facebook-google-to-tackle-fake-news-incanada-with-new-tools.html. Wood, L.S, Hatch, C (2017, February 2). How Vulnerable is Canada to fake news?. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017, from http://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/02/02/analysis/howvulnerable-canada-fake-news-very.

A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action

This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.   This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified app licants being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain de signated groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment. It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.   This arrangement has the greatest impac t on young people, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society. (Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003)The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal.   There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do.Affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases, and has been contested on constitutional grounds.   But despite this, we still have many advantages to list.   To further understand the topic on affirmative action hiring practices in municipal offices and fire departments, we shall list and discuss also the advantages or benefits of affirmative action hiring practices in the United States, those advantages that will only apply on hiring in municipal offices and fire departments. A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified applican ts being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded.When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain designat ed groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment.It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.This arrangement has the greatest impact on young p eople, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society.(Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003) BibliographyAn Affirmative Action Status Report: Evidence and Options. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/1QQ.HTM]Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/phil/blphil_eth_aa_reverse.htm]Affirmative Action – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/]Affirmative Action – Wikipedia Enyclopedia. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action#Arguments_In_Favor_of_Affirmative_Action]How Affirmative Action Effects Us All. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/SocialIssues/Racial%5CHow_Affirmative_Action_Effects_Us_All-321553.htm]Myth: Affirmative Action is reverse discrimination. Fact: Affirmative Action is compensatory justice. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-reversediscrimination.htm]Shaheen Lakhan – Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation. BMC Medical Education. 2003.The Major Affirmative Action Cases: A Digest of the Record. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.acenet.edu/bookstore/descriptions/making_the_case/legal/digest.cfm]What is Affirmative Action? – Pellissippi State Technical Community College. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.pstcc.edu/organizations/affirmao/what_is_aa.htm]

The Key to Successful Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten

The Key to Successful Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten Inexpensive but beautifully-designed charms are away in the current market and you merely have to locate them. Don't forget, your personalised gift speaks what you wish to convey personally. The maximum gift is one which comes from the heart. You can locate the best gifts for vets here. Sometimes word difficult to find the best gifts for vets. Don't be ungrateful for the present of adversity. Perfect gift for several of the girls that are jewelry lover. Now you can begin to research for some exceptional gift Ideas for Veterinarians. To discover the most chic kind of netbook carrier bags you might want to begin your Christmas gift hunt online. Dog umbrella specially made for pet lovers. The absolute most important thing however, as you are holiday shopping is to regard the preferences of the individual you're shopping for. Selecting a gift is extremely difficult particularly when it's for someone who's an ardent pet lover. Finding the ideal gift for mom is a challenge. In a nutshell, an ideal gift for a programmer family friend. Everybody should have a very best friend. If you've got a Veterinarian person you know, it may be a really cool present for the individual. Dog umbrella can be a really distinctive gift idea for an individual who spends time with human pals. Flip through the channels and you are sure to come across some wonderful deals happening in the mobile phone world. In truth, it can work as a distinctive recognition item and is the amazing way for providing the lasting memories in the easiest form. Reading example essays works precisely the same way! Everybody should try out this considered as the greatest and most advanced technology for an entire entertainment which you've yet to experience. The Pain of Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten You ought to go back to school. With the endless choice you see in stores, it can be overwhelming to select the ideal one that's ideal for your mom. Well, naturally, you ought to think about where the person who you're giving the card to likes to shop. The problem which most people have when they're looking for women is they categorize all women into one category. Understanding Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten Therefore, employees increase morale to boost the grade of the business. It is going to surely be cheaper. An alternative which arrives beneath your budget is to provide baCorporate gifts singapores to your employees. My second pick is just the same as the first but for the bottom. All you will need is a little water and the included bamboo brush. Much like any other pieces, it is possible to also find something like this which can be personalized. 1 popular present for boys is a construction collection. Who Else Wants to Learn About Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten? It is possible to include your entire family gang, family friends based on the size you opt for. My mother was gone for at least a decade now. Thus by giving the new mom a chance to love h er body again you might be giving a gift that won't ever be forgotten. If you are searching for the ideal gift for the man of your life, just try this hyperlink and the 1 thing you may be searching for might just be under you nose. In a few nations, certain kinds of gifts above a specific monetary amount are subject to taxation. Gift cards should earn gift-giving simpler, reducing the need to be worried about the recipient's tastes or which specific items they might already have. While they can be quite useful in subsidizing the cost of large purchases, you should be especially cognizant of your spending when using a gift card, so as to avoid unnecessary expenses. To begin with, you may sell unwanted gift cards for money. The Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten Cover Up People all around the world accepted they wait eagerly to get a personalised gift in their hands. When you're confused regarding what is the very best gift idea, money is always an alternativ e. Actually, spending money is simple, but finding the correct gift is significantly tougher. For america, see Gift tax in the United States of america. Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten Secrets That No One Else Knows About Treating you mother to spa experience is just one of the very best gift you'll be able to give her as it isn't only relaxing but is also an excellent bonding opportunity for the both of you. Finding the right best friend charm might not be an easy job, but nevertheless, it can be an enjoyable approach. The pin-striped suit is among my preferred gifts because it taught me a lesson that I'll remember for the remainder of my life. It's not quite as much fun to give and not as much surprise to receive, but it is a safe bet for making sure they get precisely what they want as the present. The End of Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten The toy is a well comprehensive model of the actual machines. Utilize your imagination, gift certificates, games and special items abound if you simply do a small research. Autographed items of a favourite player are a fantastic option. To begin with, Rocketbook notebooks are the ideal gift for virtually any age. Definitions of Expsitory Essay Samples about Best Gift Ever Gotten Mothers always make certain everyone get the ideal gift on special occasions and deserve to get the finest in return. The perfect way to celebrate a wedding anniversary is to provide the loved one the ideal present for the occasion. Celebrating an important wedding anniversary is a fantastic time to renew your vows. Receive the best graduation present for vet.

The War Of The Vietnam War - 1224 Words

Intervention in Vietnam. Second Analysis Paper Student’s Name Institution of Learning Introduction The Vietnamese was very detrimental because several people died. Indeed, the Just War Wage Policies (JWPs) were famous with the Vietnam War of 1961-64. Critically, the JWPs might fail in certain war cases owing to several challenges such as terrorism, lethal weapons, and genocide issues, which render this policy ineffective. Therefore, it is important to re-think whether this policy was actually important in the Vietnam war, and through such an analysis, the scholars of history might be in a position to advise policy makers to either adopt or reject this war strategy. The Just Wage War Policy can be analyzed under different contexts. First, it is important to argue that the policy constitutes ‘jus ad bellum’, which justifies the underlying principles and reasons of taking the war advances. Arguments for American intervention in Vietnam Scholars have presented various arguments in favor of the American intervention in Vietnam. For instance, Vietnam War started around 1960 when the United States government started to send troops in Vietnam. The war was between the United States and the North Vietnams to protect the South Vietnams from external invasion. In addition, at around 1969 when President Nixon was elected as the president of the United States and during his time they stated withdrawing from the war at around 1975. This did not go well and the NorthShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos , and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pageson one such event, the Vietnam War, came from entertainment-based programs and the play Miss Saigon. Despite heavy coverage in such well-known comedic films as Forrest Gump and Good Morning Vietnam, the true events were anything but a laugh for those involved. In spite of the relative recentness of the events in Vietnam, many of today’s youths know little about the topic. The events in Vietnam raise the ever-present question on the ethics of third party involvement in a war otherwise unrelated toRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesspread of communism all around the world. This is what lead to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in America as the Vietnam War dragged on. As people became more aware of the atrocities going on in Southeast Asia, the endless domestic support turned into widespread explosive protest. During the first few years of the Vietnam conflict, Americans full heartedly supported the United States and its governmentRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1379 Words   |  6 Pagestensions over the Vietnam war caused many americans to become divided on the actions taken by the government across seas. Americans questioned whether the government could be trusted. The feeling of betrayal and government secrecy created the â€Å"Credibility Gap,† in which many americans believed that the government no longer was for the people, but for anything else that would benefit the government. The Vietnam War exacerbated the gap between the pro-war traditionalists and anti-war liberals along withRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1430 Words   |  6 Pagesended in 1989, the Vietnam war is still being fought, but on a different battlefield, one of public opinion. Some call this war an atrocity, a war the United States should never have joined. Others call it a crime, committed by the power hungry politicians of the U.S. Now that new information from both sides of the war has surfaced and the wounds of battle have had more time to heal there is yet another opinion emerging. The Vietnam War was in fact only one of many proxy wars fought under the umbrellaRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War cost many Americans their lives in the 60s and 70s. Many were drafted into the war by choice and others selectively chosen to join to help America. The contributions made had a major impact on the American side of the Vietnam War. Though many contributions were made none stand out any more than others. It is sometimes said there is always a hero in the war who helped the victory. Wars, however, do not have war heroes because a hero is making an undeniable contribution to the war andRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was said to be one of the most significant wars in the twentieth century. This w ar took place from November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975. It was at the time, the longest war in American history. Much of the conflict was centered in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. During that time, approximately 58,219 US troops were killed in action. The reason America got involved in the Vietnam War was to stop the spread of communism in South East Asia and beyond. â€Å"America’s involvement in Vietnam derivedRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1204 Words   |  5 Pagesus†¦ When that is the way you are, how do you conduct your life?† The Vietnam War killed over fifty eight thousand Americans and over 61% of the men killed were 21 years or younger. Most Americans are conflicted with the fact whether the Anti War Movement played a factor in prolonging the Vietnamese War. â€Å"In every story there are two sides and in between lies the truth.† Anonymous The United States become involved in Vietnam after the French withdrew when the Republican President Dwight EisenhowerRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War877 Words   |  4 PagesAnother big difference in this war was that the Vietnam War was had more disapproval and was more expressive within the American public, unlike the Korean War. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn July and August of 1972, Jane Fonda made radio broadcasts from Hanoi that changed the way Americans thought of the Vietnam war and of her. To this day, many people view her as a traitor and criticise her actions in Vietnam; however, some people we re truly inspired by her words and what she had to say. Despite people s personal opinions, Fonda was a powerful speaker and knew how to convey her message to her audience. She tried to convince people that the American government and military were the

The New Photography Exhibition - 1609 Words

MoMA’s longstanding exhibition series of recent work in photography, New Photography, returned for its 30th anniversary. The New Photography exhibition is called Ocean of Images and is showing 19 artists and artist collectives from 14 countries. The exhibition was organized by Chief Curator of Photography Quentine Bajac, Lucy Gallun, assistant curator; and Roxana Marcoco,senior curator; with the assistance of Kristen Gaylord, Beaumont and Nancy Newhall Curatorial Fellow, Department of Photography (Ocean of Images: New Photography 2015 | MoMA†). According to MoMA’s exhibition description, the Ocean of Images is suppose to be probing the effects of an image-based post-Internet reality by examining various ways of experiencing the world (Ocean of Images: New Photography 2015 | MoMA†). Some artists have created new work specifically for the exhibition including DIS and Katja Notvitskova. Photography was not fully accepted as art until the 20th century and today , photography has a large range of what it can produce as a medium. However the curator s choice these groups of artists to represent the state of photography and the artists are more concerned with the decision that creates the image. The curators focusing on the artists having the camera and the internet in common. The choice of the title alludes the Internet to have a connection to water, and being a whirlpool of images.The â€Å"ocean† being referred to the internet and how technology is being associated with waterShow MoreRelatedPainting With Light By Dante Gabriel Rossetti Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe exhibition, ‘Painting with Light’ will be displayed at the Tate Modern in London from May the 11th till September the 25th 2016. To those of you who may see Edwardian and Victorian art as not being particularly exciting, i would encourage you to try and look past this disinterest and get down to see the ‘Painting with Light’ exhibition. The exhibition impressively manages to capture the development of art during the period in a way of which the disinterest of most is turned into intrigue andRead MoreThe New Wave Of Fashion Photography1129 Words   |  5 Pagessubject and the work which I found relevant to this matter. The â€Å"On Fashion† explores the new wave of fashion photographer and challenges the subject with abstractions and its content. The shown work is blending the boundaries between fashion photographs and art. I have selected four artists working with photography and all of them being described as a fashion photographers. This exhibition considers fashion photography as an exhibiting material and not a particularly commercially use. Each piece is interactingRead More Ansel Adams Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pages February 20, 1902, a photographer was born. Born and raised in San Francisco, California, Ansel Easton Adams was the only child of New England parents, Charles Hitchcock and Olive Adams. Adams father was a businessman, whose company included an insurance agency and chemical plant. Ansel took an interest in music at an early age. He selfly taught himself how to play the piano, and he enjoyed being around the surroundings of nature. Ansel attended both public and private school. At home his fatherRead MoreFashion as fine art, American fashion photographer George Platt Lynes enjoyed a high reputation at1600 Words   |  7 Pagesan unusual gorgeous sheen. Although he also took images of female nude, but the real cause is that people resonate with his make nudes works. Its make nude photography, a form of passion in the male body fully exposed to even let people think male nudes ancient Greece, with a timeless enduring charm. Until today, his fascination for photography has always been a mystery no one could answer. But just before his death in 1955, he destroyed countless negatives and prints, terrified that his legacy wouldRead MoreThe Square Room Of The Public, Private, Secret Exhibition1110 Words   |  5 Pagesare. You are here. . . why are you here? Upon entering the first room of the Public, Private, Secret exhibition, you are immediately surrounded by mirrors, making you hyper aware of your own presence within the exhibition space. Suddenly, you are cognizant of the other guests, too. Looking through the mirror, you can see everyone in the room, whether they are aware or not. A part from the exhibition blurb of white text on a black wall, there is nothing more in this square room but you, the other museumRead More Digital Imaging Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagesrecently, at least, it was possible to define photography as a process involving optics, light sensitive material and the chemical processing of this material to produce prints or slides. Today thou gh, that definition is subject to change. Technological innovations†¦are shifting photography from its original chemical basis towards electronics†¦ It is not overstating it to say that the advent of this new technology is changing the very nature of photography, as we have known it. (Bode and Wombell 1991) Read MorePhotographic Photography : Photography As A Movement1890 Words   |  8 PagesLandscape photography used the same principles as painters in order to create pieces of art. Before the 18th Century, artists used landscapes as backdrops and as a frame for the principal subject. Towards the later part of the century, however, artists such as Nicolas Poussin started to romanticize the environment, instead using it as a principle subject in paintings. Initially the medium of photography was used to document the environment. After a steady progression, pictorial photography as a movementRead MoreHenri Cartier Bresson - Arts1722 Words   |  7 PagesYear 11 Photography and Digital Media – Assessment Task One Describe the artistic practice of Henri Cartier-Bresson Henri Cartier Bresson (1908-2004) was a French photographer and photojournalist, working throughout his homeland of France and around the world. When looking at Cartier-Bressons artistic practice – the physical actions, techniques and procedures used to create the work combined with the conceptual ideas, influences, meanings and beliefs – we can see an emphasis on the story behindRead MoreArt and Reproduction: Joan of Arc Images Essay942 Words   |  4 Pages In the Wallach Gallery exhibition of Anna Hyatt Huntington’s sculpture (1876-1973), the viewer gets to discover different versions of the emblematic figure that is Joan of Arc, from small bronze medals, to much bigger works of art. A digital replication of the initial statue that was unveiled at Riverside Drive and 93rd Street in December 1915 is also available the public in the gallery. The success of the Joan of Arc – or The Maid of Orleans’s depictions results from the symbol that she fost ersRead MoreGarry Winogrand: The Godfather of Street Photography Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1960s, most photographs were taken for a purpose, and that purpose was for news articles, magazines, or advertisement. There was very little consideration of photography as art. This change in the way photography was approached was in large part to photographers such as Garry Winogrand, who turned photography into an art. Winogrand symbolized a new generation of photographers on the rise in the mid-1960s known as â€Å"street photographers.† While each photo is of simple, everyday life

Critical Record of a Shipmaster’s Duties Free Essays

string(147) " condition prior sailing from the port and this could result the shipper to argue that the ship was unseaworthy at the commencement of the voyage\." Introduction As per the scenario, I am the master of a 30,000 tonne general cargo ship under the voyage charter sailing from UK, bound for Korea after loading a cargo of steel pipes of high grade. After a visual inspection found that some of the steel pipes appeared rusty, also no shore side surveyors were appointed by the parties concerned. During the voyage my vessel collides with a fully loaded container ship which is under a time carter bound for Antwerp. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Record of a Shipmaster’s Duties or any similar topic only for you Order Now The container ship suffered minor hull damage forward part and consequently several containers were lost overboard. Also the container ship had to jettison some of the containers in order to maintain stability after water ingress. Due to collision own vessel suffered severe damage to no. 1 port hold which resulted partial flooding. After the collision for emergency dry dock repairs both the vessels were towed to the port of refuge. The container ship organises a daily hire agreement and the own vessel was towed under Lloyds open form due to the fact that vessel taking in water. Own vessel had sailed with a faulty radar equipment and this was found out in a later investigation carried out by hull and machinery surveyors. The records shows that the container ship was seaworthy and a day before the collision the second officer was medically evacuated due to a severe injury and other deck officers were working shorthanded. The master has the responsibility to do whatever is necessary to preserve his vessel and cargo from any loss or damage. In order to consider a vessel seaworthy the vessel must have all statutory certificates valid, cargo should be properly stowed and secured, Radio and navigational equipment in good working order. There should be sufficient fuel and stores on board. Appropriate number of officers and crew as per manning certificate with properly qualified officers and crew. Ensuring that fully corrected and latest edition of navigation charts and publication available onboard at all time. Vessels sailing in a seaworthy condition will only be covered by the insurance. It is always the duty of the owner of the vessl to ensure the seaworthiness of ship and if ships sail in a seaworthy condition she will be under insurance cover. â€Å"The obligation of the owner to exercise due diligence to ensure that the ship is seaworthy before the commencement of voyage.(ie taking all precaution to ensure that the vessel is fit for the voyage)† As per the hague-visby rule the liability and the responsibility of the carrier will be bound at the beginning of the voyage and also prior beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to prepare the vessel seaworthy and properly manned and equipped and supply the ship. To make the cargo spaces and other parts of the ship where goods are carried fit for the reception and carriage of cargo and preservation. â€Å"Article IV of rules states that neither the carrier nor the ship is liable for any loss or damage which arise or result from un-seaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the vessel seaworthy in all respect mentioned above conforming with the conditions given in the article three of the rule† â€Å"If any damage or loss resulted due to the un-seaworthiness of the vessel the responsibility of proving the exercise of due diligence will be on the carrier or other person claiming under this article† As per the scenario the carrier has failed to make the vessel seaworthy and failed in carrier’s responsibility and liability and hence there was a breach contractual terms and therefore the vessel will be responsible for the damage of cargo under the hagevisby rule. In the scenario the master accepts a letter of indemnity and signed a clean bill of lading. The BOL without any endorsement made by the ship master is called a clean BOL which describes the goods and states cargo quantity and their condition. The issuing and accepting a clean BOL states that the cargo has believed to be loaded correct quantity and in good condition. The vessel cargo found rusty and ship sailed in a unseaworthy condition. Also there was no surveyors were appointed and also the master accepted letter of indemnity and signed a BOL without any remarks on it. The letter of indemnity which is offered by the shipper in an inducement towards signing a clean BOL, which officially can absolve from blame or relieve the master from the obligation of liability for signing the BOL and the master should not have accepted letter of indemnity without consultation or clear instruction from the owners and should have made his own bill and presented to the shipper. Now with the clear BO L the shipper can pursue a claim against the ship owner for the cargo damage as the shipper has BOL as an evidence that the cargo stowed and loaded in good condition. The master should have immediately informed the owners about cargo condition and his negligence will result restrictions to the owners in protesting against the claims. The master should also have requested the owners for appointing an independent surveyor and surveyed the vessel and this would have saved the owners from any legal claims and any delays caused. The master should also have mentioned the surveyors finding in the BOL as the steel cargo was rusted and for evidence he should have taken some photographs/video etc. And it is also very important of collecting/keeping all evidences such as long book entries and witness statements which will help the owners to claim protection the carriage of good act. The vessel sailed from UK with a defective radar equipment and this was very well known to the master and the ship owner. This is the violation as per the rules HRV, the owner is liable to provide his ship in a seaworthy condition prior sailing from the port and this could result the shipper to argue that the ship was unseaworthy at the commencement of the voyage. You read "Critical Record of a Shipmaster’s Duties" in category "Essay examples" The decision of the owners and the master to sail without a working radar may have resulted in collision with the container ship. The unseaworthy ship prevents the owner of the general average contribution from the cargo owners. And the expenses incurred during salvage operation will also be settled by the owners as they cannot claim for salvage coverage due to unseaworthy ship. For the general average claims there will be an intentional/sacrificial act and the loss and damage of goods will be claimed from the cargo insurers. The loss or damage of cargo due to collision will be covered under particular average and not in General average. The hull damage caused due to collision between vessel will be under the HM cover and it is not an intentional act and so will come under particular average. The master of the vessel should ensure safety of his ship and take all precautions necessary which will surely mitigate the losses caused to any ship owners. The Maters duty to send a distress signal – if the vessel or person is in imminent danger Master sends distress signal requesting immediate assistance. This distress signal will be revoked as soon as the master is satisfied that assistance is no longer required. On receipt of distress signal, the masters need to proceed with full speed for the assistance of the vessel in distress. On failure to comply with this will attract penalties. Due to the collision between two ships, it will be the duty of the masters of each ship without endangering to his own ship and crew to render assistance to the other ships master and crew to save them from the danger caused by the collision. Also need to stay by the other ship until they need no further assistance. The master gives to the other ship, the name of his own ship and also the names of last port and next port. If master fails without reasonable excuse to comply with will result penalties. 2) Salvage â€Å"The Salvage operation means that any act or activities undertaken in order to assist a vessel or any other property in danger in navigable waters or in any other waters thus entitling a reward to the provide† The master of the ship has authority and power to accept the salvage offered consulting with the owner. There are two basis on which the salver agrees on the terms and conditions to save the ship or property according to circumstances. 1) daily or time contract – fixed hire rate. 2) Lloyd’s Open Form/LOF – no cure no pay basis† and the settlement will be done on the basis of the value of property saved. â€Å"The advantage of having LOF is that, it is a no cure – no pay agreement and not likely disputed if any disputes which will be referred to arbitration of English law will apply to claims. There is no need to have a copy onboard and the agreement will be done over radio or other telecom methods and the form does not require signature until the salvage operations have been successfully completed. The salver will get an interim award and any excessive claims by salvers are avoided and the disadvantages of LOF is costly† General Average â€Å"There is a general average act when and only when any extra ordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure† Number of maritime countries laid down York Antwerp rules in order to get an uniform approach towards the settlement of general average claims. These rules are internationally recognised and are not incorporated into the national law. In the given scenario the damage caused to hull will come under particular average and which will be covered by the Hull Machinery insurance. The container ship had sailed in a seaworthy condition and later the second officer was medically evacuated and hence the vessel became unseaworthy. Now the container ship does not comply with SLOAS requirement and the other deck officers were short handed and the collision may have occurred due to fatigue caused. If the own ship has exercised due diligence then the payment for the loss will be borne by the shippers cargo insurers. The container ship had jettisoned some of the containers for safety reasons or to prevent water ingress and this sacrifice was to protect the property hence eligible for general averag e. For general average act, the shipowner appoints an average adjuster and usually declares general average HM Insurance PI Insurance There are three types of marine insurance ie Hull and Machinery, Cargo Liability – PI â€Å"HM Insurance covers hull and machinery of the insured ship against certain perils which includes peril of the sea, fire and explosion, jettison of cargo, piracy, contact with land conveyance/dock or harbour equip, accident during loading loading/discharging/shifting fuel or cargo, Earthquake, boiler bursting, breakage of drive shaft, defects of machinery barratry of master, officer and crew Etc† â€Å"P I club are those clubs which is a joint venture between shipping companies. It offers the ship owners the coverage against the risks which are not covered by hull and machinery insurance Hull insurance is actually the protection against the loss and damage to the vessel arising out of marine peril together with protection against the attendant liabilities of 3/4RDC, salvage and general average† â€Å"Protection and indemnity insurance is insurance protection against third party, death, injury and property claims caused by the ship together with the ? collision liability not covered in the RDC clause in the hull policy† Own ship was towed to port of refuge under LOF and it is the right decision which would have saved time and money. If the salvage operation has delayed further then the condition would have worsened as the vessel is taking in water and eventually the vessel will sink resulting loss of life, property and damage to the marine environment and in situations like this there would not be time for negotiations. In the case of container ship, she suffered only minor hull damage and was not in imminent danger and thereby she will have time for negotiation among them before deciding any agreement and decision of having a daily hire agreement was good, which is cheaper and beneficial too. The owner can choose cheaper salvage operations but cases involving loss of cargo, loss of life and risk of sinking there would not much time for negotiation between various parties offering salvage operations. So the decision has to be taken at the right time. Now both vessels have been towed to port of refuge, essential formalities for an unscheduled arrival clearance should be followed. Which includes an appointment of an agent and advise him of ships ETA and requirement on arrival, request for free pratigue, inform PI club, keep all required documentations ready and the agent will do the other required formalities for inward clearance. Also all the evidence collected should be kept ready and make the vessel ready for PSC and classification society inspection. After the repairs have been completed, need to arrange class and other surveys and after the survey an interim certificate will be issued. Bibliography: 1) College Notes 2)Business and law for the shipmasters (F.N.Hopkins) 3) Shipping Law (Chlorey Giles) How to cite Critical Record of a Shipmaster’s Duties, Essay examples

Analysis of Innovation knowledge Management

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Innovation knowledge Management . Answer: Executive Summary The research provides an analysis of innovation knowledge management applied in companies. It utilizes processes of knowledge management and identifies knowledge management innovations that are used in organizations. Methods of analysis involve defining the three categories of innovations within the knowledge management process framework. Social, technological, and organizational innovations are identified within this framework. The analysis focuses on verifying working hypotheses based on the concept of innovation. Contrasting the knowledge management innovations and their corresponding outcomes leads to development of five hypotheses. Results analyzed show that only a few organizations pursue knowledge management practices. Some of the organizations have adopted the practices while a few are planning to develop frameworks to apply the management practices. Other organizations have not adopted the knowledge management practices as they lack understanding of the concept and dont consider them to be useful. These results are the same in all industry sectors. However, differences can be noted when companies are grouped based on size. The analysis shows that social innovations are most popular knowledge management innovations in the industry. A substantial number of companies pursue social innovation. Companies that use technological and organizational innovations are about the same. However, social innovation is the greatest innovation adopted by companies despite technological innovation being approved to have the greatest scope. The research finds adoption of knowledge management innovations to be below average. Weaknesses in adopting knowledge management of practices require further examination. Major hindrances to adoption of the practices discussed include: Few companies have developed knowledge management frameworks Companies are inflexible and slow in designing and implementing knowledge management processes. Management is not aware of the benefits gained from knowledge management practices. Few companies have implemented or plan to implement the practices The research recommends companies to not only embrace knowledge management tools but also adopt innovative solutions or think outside the box to reap benefits.